Glossary

Term	Definition
FLE	français langue étrangère – French as a foreign language
FLS	français langue seconde – French as a second language
FLM	français langue maternelle – French as a native language
FOS	français sur objectif spécifique – French for specific purposes
FOU	français sur objectif universitaire – French for academic purposes
CEFR	Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CECR in French)
DELF	Diplôme d'études en langue française (A1–B2)
DALF	Diplôme approfondi de langue française (C1–C2)
TCF	Test de connaissance du français
TEF	Test d'évaluation de français
CO, CE, PO, PE	listening, reading, speaking, writing (French exam abbreviations)
Tandem	a language exchange between two people
Input	the amount of language you hear or read
Shadowing	repeating a recording at the same time as it plays
IPA	International Phonetic Alphabet

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🇫🇷 Research and writing: My French
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